However, in order to maximize efficacy and achieve better clinical outcomes through these cell-based and/or cell-free therapies, it is crucial to understand more deeply the developmental cellular hierarchies/paths and molecular mechanisms in normal or pathological cardiogenesis. These novel tools and medicines give somehow credence to breaking down the barriers associated with re-building heart muscle. Such newly generated technologies and approaches have been shown to effectively proliferate cardiomyocytes and promote heart repair in the diseased settings, albeit mainly preclinically. These involve the transplantation of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors or cardiomyocytes generated in vitro and novel biochemical molecules along with tissue engineering platforms. On the other hand, this desperate need for effective heart regeneration has developed various forms of modern biotechnologies in recent years. Uncovering such a long-awaited therapy is still extremely challenging in the current settings. As such, heart regeneration has been and continues to be the ultimate goal in the treatment against acquired and congenital heart diseases.
The mammalian hearts have the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs.
